K. Remruatfela
K.L.E. Law College,
Bangalore
Prof R.H.Soltan`an, “Politics hian mi zawng zawng a khawih a, chuvang in mitin an tel a, mawhphurhna an nei vek a ni. Dan, min phuartu that leh that loh te, an tangkai dan leh hman dan te,roreltu leh rorel dan a thianghlim em tih te, sawrkarin pawisa a lak luh dan leh hman dan dik leh dik lo te, sawrkar hnathawk rinawm leh rinawm lo te, hriselna lam kawng a in enkawl dan te leh thildang tam tak mi zawng zawng khawih leh telna a ni’ a lo tih ang hian politics hian kan nunphung tinreng min nghawng a. Hrilhfiahtu pakhat phei chuan, “Zinga i thingpui in thin kha politics a ni’’ a lo ti hial reng a. Heng atangte hian politics in kan nitin khawsaknaah hmun pawimawh tak a luah a ni tih kan hre thei ang.
American Political thinker ropui Proffesor John Seely`an, “'Political Science is fruit of History, and History is the root of Political Science” a lo tih angin politics leh history hi thil inthlunzawm tlat a ni a. History chuan hun kal tawh chanchin hriattir mai hi a tum a ni lova. Chumi hun kal tawh a an khawsak dan chu darthlalanga hmanga, tun kan khawsakna atana inenfiah nana hman hi a thil tum ber chu a ni. Tin, History hian mahni ram, hmanlai atanga tunlai thleng chanchin hriat chiannna min siamsakin, hmanlai inawp dan atanga tunlai inawp dan thlenga hriattheihna min pe a. Chu chuan politician te a tanpuiin mahni sawrkar theuh zah leh ngaihsan dan min zirtir nghal a. Hmanlai chu tunlai siamtu a ni a, tunlai hi nakin siamtu a ni tih min hrilhfiah bawk thin. Mihringte hian hun kal tawh chanchin hi hre lo ila kan mawl ngawt ang le. Kan khawsa theilo hial ang. History avang hian sawrkar tha a lo piang theih phah thin a. Tin, History avang vek hian nun zahawm kan neih theih phah a, nun min hman fimkhur tir thin a ni. Hun hmasa lama mite tlikchhiatna avangin, tun zelah kan insiamrem theih phah thin a, kan nun nasa takin min khalhngil thin. Tin, History tello chuan kan thiamnna a khingbai a. Mi ropui tak tak pawh a hnam leh ram emaw, a chhehvel chanchin hlui a hriat loh chuan mi zahawm a ni ngai lo. Khawvelin mi thiam a tih chu hun kal tawh atanga inzir a, tunlai khawvel hmasawnna nena insiamrem thiam mi hi a ni.
Tin, kan ram leh hnam lo inrelbawl dan, history hriat hi ram hmasawnna leh mihring thanlen lehzelna tana thil pawimawh tak a ni bawk a. Chuvangin, tun tumah pawh hian kan ram political history hi keini thangthar zawkte hian kan theihngilh mai lova. Kan benga kan hriat tam nazawng leh kan mita kan hmuh than nazawng hi history dik a lo ni kher chuang lo tih te, history zirna hi a thu ngam leh a inti hria apiang dinchanna mual a ni ngawt lo tih ngaihtuahna rilru kan neih theih nan tiin, tun tumah pawh hian kan benga history kan lo hriat thin dan pangngai ang ni lo, a phena thil inthup, a side-b lamte inthlahrung tak chungin rawn phochhuah ve kan tum ang e.
DISTRICT COUNCIL NEIH HMAA ZORAM DINHMUN:
Thil chhui mite chuan Mizo te hi China ram hmar lama cheng thin, chuta tang chuan Burma lamah chhuk thlaa, chuta tang chuan kan awmna hmunah hian rawn chhuk thla ta zel niin an sawi thin a. Mizoram leilunga an rawn tlak thlak tak hnu hian Mizo zawng zawng awpkhawmtu lal bik nei lovin khawtinah mahni tawkin lal an nei hrang fir fer a. An thuneihna (Jurisdiction) huamchhung bikah chuan dipdaltu awm lovin thuneihna pumhlum (Absolute Sovereignity) nei vek an ni. Chutia mahni ram chhung tea hringnun hmanral ringawt chu dam man a awm lo e an ti ve ni fahmiang, an kuthleiin an chhehvel hnam dang - Arakan, Sylhet leh Cachar phaizawla awmte chu run an ching a. Cachar phai Kumpinu hovin an rawn awp hnuah pawh lal hrang hrang ten run an thulh chuang lo.
Mahse, Kumpinu sawrkar chuan khin thamah a ruat lo nge a rawn runtu chauhte kha a rawn umletin a hawsan leh mai thin a. Thapui tak tak nena beih thama an ruat loh avangin lal thiltithei ber ni-a an hriat Suakpuilala nena inremna an siam pui kha tawk thawkhata ngaiin an ngawihsan ta rih a ni. Mahse, chumi hnu pawha, Mizo lalten inremna pawh zah zolova, a ngai ang te-a kuthlei an la chuah fo vang leh Alexandrapore thingpui huana thawklai an zuk run tak chiam leh an hotupa Dr. James Winchester an thah a, a fanu sala an man tak hial avangin Kumpinu sawrkar ngeng a chhun ta. India ram awptu Governor General chuan sap naupang la let tur leh anmahni pawh nuai chimit nghal turin dt. 11.7.1871 ah order a chhuah ta chuk chuk a. Chutichuan Schedule District Act (XIV of 1874) thu angin, kum 1895 ah Mizoram chu Assam hnuaia province pakhatah hunluh kan lo ni ta a. Amaherawhchu hnam mawl mai kan la nih avangin hnamfing tawh zawkte laka min humhim nan India sawrkar Dan (Act) 1919 chang 52(A) 2-na in a sawi angin Governor General chuan kum 1921 June ni 3 atang khan keini chauh pawh ni lo heng Mikir Hills, North Cachar Hills (Halflong bial), Naga Hills, Sadya Frontier Tract, Balipara Frontier Tract leh Lakhipur Frontier Tract te nen hnam hnufual “Backward Tract” tih zingah min dahkhawm ta vek a ni.
MIZO UNION PARTY A PIANG TA:
British sawrkar khan kum 60 lai min awpbet a. Min awhbeh chhung zawng khan kan lalte chu an thuhnuaiah dah vek tawh mahse ram chhung inrelbawlna zawng zawng chu lal te kutah an la dah vek tho a. Administration a awlsam zawk nan rampum hi bial 20-ah an then a. Bial tinah C.I. (Circle Interpreter) pakhat zel dahin chu chu lal leh bawrhsap inkarah te, mipui leh bawrhsap inkarah te an thulakna kut ke berte an ni. Bawrhsap thlaphenah lal ten hnamchawmho min awp lehchhawng a, bawrhsap leh lal tangrual hnuaiah chuan hnamchhawm ho chu kan kun ta ngat ngat a, hetih laia hnamchawmte dinhmun retheihzia hi sawi fiah sen pawh a ni awm love. (Amaherawhchu, hetih lai hian lal fel leh khua leh tuite tilawm tam tak an awm ve tho a ni tih chu phat rual a ni lova.)
“Dik taka sawi chuan bawrhsap chu sawi loh, Mizo lalte ngei pawhin mipui lungawihlohna thuk tawhzia an hre phak lo. An hriat phakah tumah phunnawi ngam hek lo. Lalte chunga lungawilohna sap hnena thlentu chuan hremna, hnawhchhuah emaw a tuar leh hlauh thung si a”. Ka Zinkawng - Ch.Saprawnga 1st edition (page number theihngilh palh hlauh a ni e. fela).
Hnamchawmte dikna (Natural Rights) sualin ram leh hnam veitu Aizawl pa thenkhat Pu Thuama, Pu Telela, Pu Laldela ldt. te chuan a rukin an hnamchawmpuite harsatna chu khatihlaia Assam sawrkara tribal lam enkawltu Rev. Nicholas Roy hnenah an zuk thlen a. Chutia Assam sawrkar lakah zualko an awm tih Mizoram awptu Bawrhsapin a lo hriat chuan a thinrim nasa mai a, chutiang lam thu chu sawi tawh miah lo tura thu tiam tirin an zinga mi pakhat Laldela phei chu Mizorama awm tawh lo turin a hnawtchhuak ta hial. Engmah sawi zui ngam a ni ta lo. Chutia hun engemaw chen thawm a reh hnu chuan ram leh hnam vei mi Pu Vanlawma te, Pu. Ch.Saprawnga te, Pu. Lalbuaia te, Pu Hrangaia te leh midang tam tak te rawn inlarin Zoram nau vei, na tuara te ngawih ngawih chu enliam mai mai harsa an ti-a a thawi dam dan zawngin theihpatawp an chhuah ta a. A tawp tawpah Zofate mihrang pasaltha Pu.R.Vanlawma chuan hauh leh tuar pawh pawisa lovin thih ngam lupuin chutihlaia Mizoram Bawrhsap hlauhawmpui mai A.Mac Donald hnenah political party din phalna a dil ta rawih ringawt mai. Rin ai takin Bawrhsap a lo inhawnga, a tawp atawpah chuan hnamchawmte tana zalenna meichher chhitu tur “Mizo Union Party” chu kum 1946, April ni 9, tlailam dar 2:00 ah a lo ding ta a. “Lungngai teh u lawm ru, in tan beiseina ni chu a hnai ta e” ti-a fakhla a lo piang ang mai hian rahbeha awm hnamchawmte tan zalenna kawl a lo eng tan ta a. Tichuan, he April ni 9, hi Mizoram leilung a awm chhung zawng theihngilh tawh loh tur, Mizorama political party hmasa ber din tan ni a lo ni ta a ni.
“Lal sual leh inti lal tak takte an lo awm ve avang leh michhe lam changkanna kal zel avang leh Bawrhsap thenkhat lal ho a dik a dawk thlu lova tan tlat ching an awm avangin mi chhia leh lal inkarah inhriatthiamlohna a lo nasa tial tial a. Hun a lo kal zel a, hnamchawmte pawla indinin lalin min tihnawmnah lutuk tawh loh nan politics pawl a lo ding ta a. Chu pawl chu Mizo Union tih a lo ni ta a…”…page 85, Zoram Hming Hmel by Lalsawia.
“Mizo Union lo dingtir chakna em em pakhat chu, mipuiin lal bantu ni tura an ngaih tlat vang a ni”….page 119, Ka Zinkawng - Ch.Saprawnga 1st edition
“Bawrhsap dangte phal ngai zen zen loh Pu Mac Donald`an Mizo Union din phalna a pek chu ama ho ngeia lalho nek chhuaktu ni-a ngai ang hrimin sawrkar hnathawk leh pastor lamte chuan an bawh ta hum hum a”…page 121, Ka Zinkawng - Ch.Saprawnga 1st edition
DUHTHLANG THEI KAN NI EM???
Kum 1946 vel ata tawh Independent chungchanga thu inchuh fo chu, Mizote hian Burma emaw, pakistan emaw, India zawm emaw, British Crown Colony-a awm emaw, Independent a awm emaw kan duh duh thlang thei ni anga sawi hi a awm ve reng a. Hemi thu tanchhantute sawi dan chuan, kum 1946-a Constituent Assembly Advisory Sub-Committee for North Eastern India, Aizawl-a lo kal khan Kulikawn-a public meeting-ah heta lo kal zinga mi Sir B.N.Rao-a khan Mizote hian in duh duh in thlang thei a, amaherawhchu India Union-a luh hi in tan a tha ber ang a ti a ni an ti a. Sawi dan dang lehah chuan Sir B.N. Rao-a khan chutiang takin a sawi awzawng lo an ti thung bawk.
He advisory sub-committee ah hian Mizorama Political party awmchhun Mizo Union Party aiawhin khatihlaia Mizo Union Head-quarter, Aizawl President Pu Khawtinkhuma leh Sub Head-quarter, Lunglei President Pu Ch.Saprawnga te kha co-opted member niin an tel ve a. Mizorama an lo kala, Circuit House-a an thukhawm tum a, Rev.Zairema`n duhthlan theih a ni nge nih loh tih Sir B.N. Rao a zawhna a chhan dan chu Pu Ch.saprawnga`n a lehkhabu page 138-ah tihian tarlang a. “Kumpinu Sawrkar tirh Cabinet Mission ri ruat danin British India zawng zawng chu India Union-a lut vek tura tih a ni a. Zoram pawh British india chhunga tel in nih avangin khungtel in ni a.Tichuan an chhuah hnua (British ho) sawrkar awmdan turah in ngaihdan kan hre duh a ni e”. a ti a, tiin a ziak. Pi Lalziki pawhin hemi thu bawk hi zawtin, “Chu, India Union kan zawm duh nge duh lo tih in hre duh a ni maw?” a han ti leh a. Sir B,N, Rao bawk chuan, “Ni lo, chutiang chu keini thuken pawnlam a ni. India Union chhunga in dinhmun tur engtin nge ni ang tih rawn sawipui tur che u in kan lo kal a ni”, a ti a, tiin a ziak bawk.
Inhnialna awm fo avangin Dt. 14 August, 1947-a Aizawla mi pawimawh zual 50 lai Bawrhsap Peter`an a kokhawm tumah pawh hemi thu hi sawi a ni a. Assam Governor hnenah zuk zawhfiah nise an ti a, an zuk zawt ta a. Chuta Governor rawn chhanna Aizawl Bawrhsap Office atanga a tihchhuah chu hetiang hi a ni.
Bawrhsap Notice No 7629-30 G. of 2.9.1947 a chhuah a nia.
(i). There can be no question of the Lushais leaving the Indian Union as in law, the Lushai country being an Excluded area was already part of Assam.
(ii). That the Lushai must remian with the Indian with the Indian Union and cannot joint either Pakistan or Burma.
(iii). That in view of the constitutional position stated above, the question of opting out after 10 (ten) years does not arise.
He Governor chhanna copy hi saptawnga ziah a nih vang leh mi tlemte hnena a copy sem a nih vang hian timah pawhin an ngaihven zui em em hran lo niin a lang a. Tin, khatih lai khan politics-ah mipuite an la mawlmang em em a. Tun hnuah sawiseltu an awm anga, inhnialna a rawn piang dawn tih an lo hre lawk lovin intlawhkhalhna chang an hre lo pawh a ni thei. Tun hnaiah Mizo Union lo tih dikloh tarlan tum ngar ngar (tawng mawi lo ni suh se…), Sailo pa (lal thlah) Pu Keihawla Sailo MCS ten “Golden History of The Lushai Hills” tih bu siamin thiam takin a rawn phetthlu char char mai sia. Lehlamah, Mizo Union hruaitu hluite an lo thi zo tawh bawk nen, thangthate thudik haichhuaka ke pen ngam tur hi Zofate hian a mamawh tak zet zet a ni.
“British in India ram a chhuahsan dawn lai vel hian Khasi jaintia Hills, Nagaland leh Mizoramte chu Bristish Crown Colony-a dah tum a ni a. Hei hi Mizo Union chuan a duh lova”, page 24, Mizoram Political Parties and Leaders - B.Zaliana
“Crown colony-a awm duh lo thu Bawrhsap hnena sawi tam bertu ka nih vangin bawrhsap chuan min haw ta em em a”…….page 135, Ka Zinkawng - Ch.Saprawnga 1st edition
“Mizoram mipui pawl aiawha India Union hnuaia awm duh thu sawi hmasa ber chu R.Vanlawma a ni”. Page 35 , Mizoram Politics Chanchin - H.Vanthuama
“Pakistan zawm ai chuan India zawm ka duh zawk e” Vanlawma`n Bordoloi hnena a sawi. Ka Ram Leh Kei, page 42&43 bakah page 34, Mizoram Politics Chanchin -Vanthuama
Duhthlang thei kan nihlohzia, page 31&32, Mizoram Political Parties and Leaders - B.Zaliana
DISTRICT COUNCIL HNUAIAH KAN AWM TA:
Tahrik ni 18. September 1939 a lo hrechhuah chuan khawvel history dai tawh ngailo turin, German dictator ropui Hitler chuan Kumpinu sawrkar leh a thuihhruaite lakah Indopui II-na a rawn puang dum dum ta mai. Kumpinu sawrkar lahin tlanchhiat mai tum ikhaw lovin nasa taka dolet turin a inbuatsaih tan. Khawvel mipui hlauhthawn lawk chu a tak ngeia lo thlengin, kum 6 dawn tehmeuh chu an lo indo ta. Chutia kum 6 dawn lai indona muala an awm hnu chuan indo boruak pawh a lo ziaawm ve ta tial tial a. Indo a tawp meuh chuan British sawrkarin a ram awp hrang hrangte hnena a lo tiam tawh angin ram tam tak, awpbeha awmte chuan ram thar inrelbawlna ngaihtuahin an phe suau suau ta mai. Kum 300 lai a lo awp tawh India ram zaupui mai pawh chu British sawrkar pawh chuan a chhuahsan dawn hnai ta a. Mizo Union party te pawhin chu hun thara Zoram dinhmun tur ngaihtuah chuan nasa takin tha leh zung an seng a. Kum 1946 April thlaa India Constituent Assembly rawn tirh Constituent Assembly Advisory Sub-Committee hnenah Zoram tana tha tur ang bera an ngaihtuah, an rawtna te chu an thlen ta nghal a.
Advisory committee-a Mizo Union rawtna, page 141, Ka Zinkawng - Ch.Saprawnga 1st edition
Mizoram Inawp dan tur Mizo Union rellawk :
(i). Mizoram chuan Assam sawrkar nen kawng thenkhatah inzawmna an nei ang a, chu chu Assam ram dan siamtu pawl leh Mizram National Council ten an la ngaihtuah ang.
(ii). Assam ram dan siamtu pawlah chian Mizorama mithlan pali kan tir ang.
(iii). Assam ram dan siam chu Mizoram atan National Council-in a siamthata rem an tih hnu chuahvah hman theih a ni ang.
(iv). Assam sawrkar hna atan chuan Mizoram mite chu thlei bik an ni lovang a, hna hauh bik a tawka fangin a awm bawk tur a ni.
(v). Assam ram kan zawm avanga kan chhiah chawiturte chu Assam legislative leh Mizoram National Council inbiakremna a ni ang.
(vi). Mizoram chu anmahnia ngelnghet leh ding thei tawha an inhriat hma chuan India sawrkarin kumtinin tangkaiin a chawm tur a ni.
(vii). Heng zawng zawng hi kum sawm hnuah siamthat leh ani ang, India ram atanga chhuah thleng pawhin.
Sd/- Sd/-
H.Vanthuama, Secretary Khawtinkhuma,President
An rawt ang chiah chiahin pawm lo mah se Assam tlangmi zawng zawng ten inang tlang veka an hman turin “Autonomous District Council” ti-a vuah chu Constituent Assembly chuan an passed ta a. Chu chu India Constitution chhunga VI Scheduled an tihah ziah luh a ni ta a ni. Tichuan, Assam Legislative Assembly chuan kan ram lalte banna tur bill “The Lushai Hills (Acquisition of Chief Rights) Act of 1954 an tih chu lungrual taka pass ta in, chumi thu ang chuan compensation pein kan ram lalte lalna chu tihtawp a lo ni ta a. Lalte thuneihna neih ang thin kha mipuiten an duh ang tak mi roreltu tur an thlan chhuah “Village Council Member” te chuan an nei ve tain, thuneihna hlanchhawn a lo ni ta a. Hetia an lalna a alo tawp ta hi lal thenkhatte chuan khawvel hun inher danglam ang zelin a hrinchhuah a ni tih hriaiin an ngaithiam viau a, an fakawm khawp mai.
“Lalte hi an sual vanga ban an ni lova, politics lo kal zel hian vantlang hi rorelna nei ve tawh a, lalte rorelna hi tihbo nise tih a ni vang chauha ban a ni tih hi kan hriat a pawimawh hle”, page 86, Zoram Hming Hmel – Lalsawia, Ex-C.E.M.
Mizo Union, District Council sawrkar chuan zoram thar chu la dimdawi a ngai a ni tih hriaiin, a lo puitlin chhoh zel theihnan nasa takin hma a la thinin, an harsatna te chu Assam sawrkar hnenah a thlen thin a. Kum 49 dan veleh Mizorama mau a tam thin thu leh chumi huna Mizoram chhawmdawl dan lo ngaihtuah lawk a tul thu te vawi duai lo Assam sawrkar hnenah a thlen thin a. Kum 1959 a lo inherchhuah chuan, sawi lawk ang ngeiin Mau chu nasa taka tamin, nasa takin sazu a puang a, Assam sawrkar lah a lo inbuatsaih tawk lovin, mipui beisei angin hna a rawn thawk tha tawk ta si lova. Zoram mipui chu khatih laia District Council roreltu Mizo Union party leh Assam sawrkar lakah nasa takin an lungawi lo ta a. Tin, heng hunlai leh a hma lam atang tawh khan kan unau tlangmi te pawhin nasa takin Assam sawrkar lakah lungawilohna an lo nei ve fo tawh a. Chutiang chu thil awmdan a nih tak avangin tlangmi hruaitute chuan policy thuhmun tho si, party thiat kher lova tan ho dan dapin “All Party Hills Leader`s Conference (APHLC) tih chu an din ta a. A pawl thiltum lian ber chu tlangmi te tan state hran, Hills State nawr a ni.
District Council hmasaber hmalakna :
(i). Phut luih Kuli, Mizorama phurritber nia ngaih thin chu January ni 13, 1953 atangin tihbo a ni.
(ii). Aizawl leh Lungleia “Khawpui awm man” chawi thin chu March ni 3, 1953 ah tihban a ni.
(iii). Lalsachhiah chu, District Council dan siam Lushai Hill Act No.11 of 1953 ah tihban a ni.
(iv). Lushai Hills tih thin chu April 29, 1954 atangin Mizo District tih a ni.
(v). Fathang (Buh chhun) tin 6 ni thin chu Lushai Hills Act No.II of 1953 atangin 1954 pawltlak atangin tin 3-a chhun a ni ta.
(vi). Ram neitu nihna lal ban chu, Assam sawrkar dan siam angin April 1, 1955 atangin Aizawl bial lal 255 ban a ni.
(vii). Region bial lalte chu April 15, 1956 ah lal 50 ban an ni leh bawk…..page 89 & 90, Political History of Mizoram, V.H.Vankhuma
“Lalho hi compensation peka ban vek ni se, Assam sawrkarin a chanve, Mizoram sawrkarin a chanve hi sawrkar sum atanga pek ni se” tih a ni a. page 206, History of Mizoram - Chaltuahkhuma
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