Leitha Siam Dan Awlsam: Economic-a hmasawnna thang zel leh ei leh bar kawnga mamawh  pung chho zel hian kan ram hi nasa takin a chinglet vel a. Kan leilung te nasa taka pressure pe in tam leh zual tharchhuak thei  turin kan lei hi kan sawrfu tluk tluk a ni ber awm e. Hetih mek lai hian kan ei leh bar hmuhna atan a tangkai leh pawimawh ber pakhat kan leilung (soil) hi kan duat a, kan ti tui thar zel a nih loh chuan tunlai damdawi hrang hrang; hlo tur, rannung thahna leh leitha siamchawp chi hrang hrang hrang te kan hman nasat vang hian kan leilung hi hmantlaklohah kan siam thei mai dawn a ni.



Mi Tin MamawhMi Tin Mamawh

Leilung siamtha a ti tui leh tur hian tihdan hrang hrang tamtak a awm a, tun tumah hian kan chhevel a “Bawlhhlawh” kan tih thin, tawihral thei si hmang a leitha siam chung chang kan zirchiang dawn a ni.

Composting: “Composting” kan han tih chuan khawvel pianken pangai a  ng a tawihthei thil kan tawih ral tir na dan hi a ni ber a, awmzenei a thil tawih tir te pawh a tih thei awm e. Thlai te hian lei atang a an chaw siamna atan a an thil chi hrang hrang an lakluh te hi an pai teuh a, chu chu lei tih thatna atan composting hmang hian tangkai takin a hman zui leh theih dawn a ni.



Composting tih dawn a thil pawimawh thenkhat te:

Composting tihdan hi chi hrang tam tak a awm in leitha kan siamchhuah tam duh dan a zirin a mamawh pawh a hrang hrang; Pit method, heap method, bin method leh adt. a awm thei a. Tuntumah hi chuan mimalin awlsam tak a kan tih theih Pit method hmang a compost leitha siam dan kan tarlang dawn a ni.

A hmun thlan: Leitha khur kan laihna tur hi hmun hniam leh tui tlin theihna nilo se. Tuihâwk lak a hmun himah khur hi laih tur a ni. Tin, ruahtui lak a a him theihna tur in khur zar hul theihna hmun ni thei bawk se.

Khur (Trench/ pit): A tlangpuiin leitha khur hi 1 meter a thuk, 1.5 – 2 meter a zau leh a remchan dan a sei a laih ni thei se (Misra et al.). A tawih chak thei zawk na turin thuk lutuk a laih erawh nilo thei se.

Khur chhun khah: Khur a chhun khah tur hmanraw lakkhawm hi leitha quality hriltu pawimawh tak a ni a, tin, a rim chhiat leh chhiat loh hriltu pawimawh tak a nih ve bawk avangin kan uluk tur a ni.

C:N ratio: C:N ratio (Carbon: Notrogen ratio)hi kan leitha quality hriltu pawimawh tak a nih avangin kan ngaihthah tur a nilo a ni. A sawi awlsam dan chuan C:N ratio kan tih chuan kan compost siamna atan kan hmanraw hman tur thil uk leh hring inchawih zat tur tihna a ni ber awm e. Thlai kung ro, phuai leh hnimhnah ro te hi Carbon tamna a ni a, hnimhnah hring lam chi leh kan ei ningnawi te hi Nitrogen tamna a ni thung a. Heng te hi 25-30 : 1 ratio a khur hnawh khahna atan a kan chawhpawlh hi a pawimawh hle a

Hnawng: Thil tawih tur kan dah te chu a hnawn that loh chuan a a tawih hunchhung a rei in a tawih zo hleithei thin lova, chuvang chuan tui pek te pawh a pawimawh hle a ni.

Mi Tin MamawhCompost siam dan:

Kan khur laih ah chuan a in chawih mawi tawk a hnim hnah ro, hnah hring leh tawihthei thil dang kan lakkhawm te chu kan dah ang. Vawikhatah a khur chu a khah vek loh pawhin kan remchan dan angin kan hnawh leh zel tur a ni. Tin, hun a lo rei deuhinkhur pawh chu a lo phai hniam ve zel thin a, chutiangah chuan hnimhnah ro leh hring remchang apiang a inbuktawkmkan tarlan tawh angin kan hnawh belh leh zel thei bawk a ni.


A remchan ang in tuiin kan theh huh ang a, a awm remchang a nih phei chuan bawng zun te pawh hman a sual lo awm e.

Layer hrang hrang a khur chu hnawh a nih hnuah a khur len dan a zir in ran ek (Bawng emaw ar emaw ek ni theise) pawlh leh tur a ni.

Chu mi hnuah chuan a khur lai tak ah chuan pipe emaw mau tlawn, tuium ang deuh a a chang tih kuak kan phun ang. Heihian kan compost siamna atan a hnathawktu microbes te tan boruak a supply thei dawn a ni.

Kan khur laih chu thelretpuan in kan khuh ang a a tlang kan chhilh phui ang. Hmun thenkhatah chuan chirh te pawh in an zut phui thin bawk a ni.

Ruah leh tuihawk in khur a chiah nasa lutuk laha kan khur chu kan veng tur a i a, a tul a nih phei chuan a chung pawh kan zar tur a ni.

Hetia khur kan hnawh khah a kan khuh phui chu boruak lum leh hnawn dan a zirin thla 6 atang a thla 8 velah chuan letha ah a lo chang tawh mai dawn a ni.

Compost leitha te hian thlai tan letha an pe mai ni lovin lei lung ti dûr tha leh turin an leh lei nihphung (texture) siamthatu pawimawh tak an ni thei a ni. Hlutna leh mamawhna kan neih miah tawhloh thil atangin thil tangkai tak kan siamchhuak leh thei dawn a ni.

Compost hmang a letha siam hi thiamna ngai em em lo leh senso tam lemlo tak a ni a. Tin, kan sawrkarin Organic product lam a hmasawn tumin Agriculture department hmangin Mission Organic Mizoram (MOM) kalpui turin bul an tan mek a ni a. VC thenkhatin hma lo la in MGNREGS hmang a khur laih tir in bawlhhlawh hmang a leitha siam tur hian hma han la tan sela. He Mission tih hlawhtlin na tur a Organic letha hralh chhuak a sum hailuh theihna remchang a awm thei ngei in a rinawm e.

Composting ti tur a hmalak duh te tan a tih dan kawng hrang hrang zirtir tur in SIRD & PR chu a in huam reng a ni.

Reference:

  1. On farm composting methods. R.V. Misra and R.N Roy. RAO, Rome.
  2. The Art and Science of Composting. Leslie Cooperband, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems. March 29, 2002.
  3. Organic Manure. Dr Krishan Chandra.

(By: Pu. ZR. Thafala, Core Faculty, SIRD&PR Mizoram) 

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